Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da lactulose (0.03 mL kg-1) sobre a saúde intestinal e o ganho de peso de perus submetidos à inoculação de Salmonella sorovar (vs.) Enteritidis (SE). Um total de 280 perus, com um dia de idade, foram distribuídos nos seguintes tratamentos: T1, controle negativo; T2, grupo que recebeu apenas lactulose; T3, grupo submetido à inoculação de aproximadamente 7,0x105 UFC mL-1 de SE; e T4, grupo submetido à inoculação de aproximadamente 7,0x105 UFC mL-1 de SE e tratado com lactulose. O desempenho das aves foi avaliado semanalmente, e sete perus por tratamento foram submetidos à eutanásia, para a coleta de fragmentos do duodeno e do jejuno para a análise histomorfométrica. Observou-se menor ganho de peso no grupo que recebeu apenas o patógeno, e o melhor desempenho, no grupo tratado com lactulose. A análise histomorfométrica mostrou maior relação vilos: criptas nas amostras de duodeno e jejuno do controle negativo, e dos grupos de perus, aos 7 e aos 21 dias de idade, tratados com dieta suplementada com lactulose. A lactulose proporciona melhor desenvolvimento intestinal de perus até os 42 dias de vida, mas não interfere no desempenho dessas aves.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of lactulose (0.03 mL kg-1) on the intestinal health and weight gain of turkeys subjected to the inoculation of Salmonella serovar (sv.) Enteritidis (SE). A total of 280 turkeys, with one day of age, were distributed in the following treatments: T1, negative control; T2, group that received only lactulose; T3, group subjected to the inoculation of approximately 7.0x105 CFU mL-1 SE; and T4, group subjected to the inoculation of approximately 7.0x105 CFU mL-1 SE and treated with lactulose. Poultry performance was evaluated weekly, and seven turkeys from each treatment were euthanized to collect duodenum and jejunum fragments for the histomorphometric analysis. A lower weight gain was observed in the group that received only the pathogen, and the best performance was observed in the lactulose-treated group. The histomorphometric analysis showed a higher villus:crypts ratio in the duodenum and jejunum samples of the negative control and of the group of turkeys at 7 and 21 days of age treated with the lactulose-supplemented diet. Lactulose allows of a better intestinal development of turkeys until 42 days of age, but it does not interfere with poultry performance.

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com objetivo de pesquisar Salmonellaem amostras de fígado, coração, saco da gema e mecônio de pintos de corte de um dia; inglúvios e cecos obtidos em abatedouros e em suabes de arrasto; larvas ou adultos de Alphitobius diaperinus. Complementarmente, determinou-se o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos: amoxicilina (10 mcg), ampicilina (10 mcg), ciprofloxacina (5 mcg), enrofloxacina (5 mcg), florfenicol (30 mcg), neomicina (30 mcg), sulfonamida (300 mcg), tetraciclina (30 mcg) e trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (25 mcg) dos serovares tipificados isolados. As amostras foram submetidas às análises microbiológicas pelos métodos bacteriológicos convencionais. Salmonellasp. foi isolada em 6,2% (4/64) do fígado, 4,7% (3/64) do coração, 3,1% (2/64) dos sacos da gema e 4,7% (3/64) do mecônio, num total de 4,7% (12/256) (pinto de um dia); em 10,2% (13/128) das amostras ambientais, sendo 9,4% (9/96) de suabes de arrasto 12,5%, (4/32) de larvas e adultos Alphitobius diaperinus e em 4,4% (28/640) das amostras em abatedouros, sendo 6,5% (21/320) dos inglúvios e 2,2% (7/320) dos conteúdos cecais de abatedouro. Salmonella enterica ser.Enteritidis foi identificada em suabes de arrasto e em amostras de Alphitobius diaperinus, enquanto Salmonella enterica ser.Typhimurium foi encontrada nos inglúvios e cecos. Salmonella enterica ser.Enteritidis apresentaram 75% (6/8) de resistência às sulfonamidas e Salmonella enterica ser.Typhimurium 100% (3/3). A amoxicilina foi outro antimicrobiano com elevada frequência de resistência. Adicionalmente, 20,7% (11/53) dos serovares apresentaram resistência simultânea a pelo menos dois princípios ativos. Conclui-se que Salmonellaencontra-se amplamente distribuída no fluxo de produção de frangos de corte, e a via vertical continua sendo uma fonte de introdução de Salmonellasp. à cadeia de produção; cama e insetos podem perpetuar e veicular Salmonellade interesse zoonótico no ambiente avícola; a existência de cepas resistentes aos antimicrobianos, bem como a resistência múltipla, constituem ameaça à saúde pública.

This work aimed at searching for Salmonellain liver, heart, yolk sac and meconium samples of one-day-old chicks, crops and cecum samples from slaughterhouses and drag swabs and Alphitobius diaperinuslarvae or adults. It also aimed at determining the susceptibility profile to amoxicillin (10 mcg), ampicillin (10 mcg), ciprofloxacin (5 mcg), enrofloxacin (5 mcg), florfenicol (30 mcg), neomycin (30 mcg), sulfonamide (300 mcg), tetracycline (30 mcg) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (25 mcg) of typed serovars isolated. The samples were submitted to microbiological analyses by the conventional method. Salmonellasp.was isolated in 4.7% (12/256) of samples of one-day old chicks, in 6.2% (4/64) of the liver, 4.7% (3/64) of the hearts, 3.1% (2/64) of the yolk sacs, 4.7% (3/64) of meconium, and in10.2% (13/128) of the environment samples, being 9.4% (9/96) from drag swabs, 12.5% (4/32) from larvae and adult Alphitobius diaperinus and 4.4% (28/640) of the slaughterhouses samples, being 6.5% (21/320) of crops and 2.2% (7/320) of cecum samples. Salmonella enterica ser.Enteritidis was identified only in drag swabs and Alphitobius diaperinus. Salmonella enterica ser.Typhimurium was observed in the crops and cecum, which have shown high frequency of resistance to sulfonamides, 75% (6/8) and100% (3/30), respectively. Additionally, 20.7% (11/53) of the serovars have shown multiresistance to at least two of the tested drugs. In conclusion, Salmonellacan be widely spread in broiler production flow, and the vertical pathway is still a major source of Salmonellainsertion in the poultry production chain. The litter and bugs can perpetuate and disseminate Salmonellasp. as well as both the existence of strains resistant to antimicrobial and the occurrence of multiresistance are a threat to public health.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of lactulose on performance as well as its ability to prevent colonization by Salmonella Typhimurium in broilers orally inoculated with this pathogen. The design adopted was completely randomized, with 630 one-day-old male chicks distributed into six treatments, with seven replications and 15 birds per experimental unit. The treatments comprised the following procedures: T1 (control group) - no S. Typhimurium inoculation or supply of lactulosis; T2 - only inoculation of S. Typhimurium; T3 - only lactulosis supply; T4 supply of lactulosis and S. Typhimurium inoculation on the first day of life; T5 - supply of lactulosis 48 hours before S. Typhimurium inoculation; and T6 - supply of lactulosis 48 hours after inoculation of S. Typhimurium. Performance variables were evaluated on the seventh, 14th, 21st and 28th days of age; fragments of the duodenum and jejunum were collected and sent to histomorphometric assessment at 14 days of age, and S. Typhimurium excretion was verified in cloacal swabs on the 10th, 24th and 35th days of age. Performance data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%) and fecal excretion data were assessed by non-parametric chi-square test. Better weight gain and feed conversion were observed in groups fed lactulosis with or without challenge of S. Typhimurium up to 21 days of age. Reduced duodenum villous height was verified on the 14th day in groups challenged with the pathogen. Reduction of S. Typhimurium fecal excretion was verified in broilers fed lactulosis from the first day of life on and 48 hours before receiving S. Typhimurium directly into the crop. Lactulosis increases broiler performance up to one week after its inoculation, influences duodenum villous height and reduces the fecal excretion of Salmonella Typhimurium.